This page is very image intensive, but has plenty of information to check out while waiting for images to load. Photographs of many of the plants may introduce you to some you're not familiar with but may want to try. Underlined plant names provide links to other pages on our site, with more information about how to grow a plant well, find perfect partners to plant nearby or other colours in which it might be available.

Alternative methods of propagation are also provided. Sources from which this information was obtained do not always agree on some points. If there are discrepancies, this may be the reason.

To help your plants grow their best, check out our FERTILIZATION page.

To create your own plant partnerships based on tried and true color theory, check out our GARDEN COLOR page.

To see if a particular plant is on this page press Ctrl+F, type in the name, then click the Find button.

SPRING DIVISION ONLY

By the time spring arrives, most of us are anxious to get to work in our gardens and implement the plans we made last year or over the winter months. We've tidied up dead foliage and are now ready to divide our perennials. Those in the list below prefer to be divided in spring, those with a asterisk actually requiring very early spring division. You may have to be careful not to step on tiny seedlings that have popped up here and there, and you certainly don't want to lop the top off your daffodils and tulips as you work in the garden, but spring is a wonderful time to replant new divisions.

Alchemilla mollis:  Lady's Mantle

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer
• plants may self-sow

other methods of propagation:  
• take root cuttings in early spring
• will sometimes self-sow; if so, move seedlings where desired

Anemone hupehensis:  Chinese Anemone

other methods of propagation:  
• take root cuttings while plants are dormant

other methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in spring or early summer
• plants will self-sow

other methods of propagation:  
• sow clean fresh seeds outdoors in fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds indoors or outdoors in summer
• may self-sow

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds indoors or outdoors in summer
• may self-sow if you're lucky - you'll want lots of this beauty

Asclepias tuberosa:  Butterfly Weed

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in late spring or early summer
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall

Aster alpinus (early summer):  Alpine Aster

other methods of propagation: 
• take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks

Astilbe:  Astilbe, False Spirea

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in autumn (species only)

Astrantia major:  Masterwort

other methods of propagation: 
• sow fresh seeds as soon as available

Baptisia australis (early spring):  Blue False Indigo

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors or indoors in summer, after soaking them overnight in hot water for faster germination

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in early summer

Campanula carpatica:  Carpathian Harebell, * early spring

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in early summer
• sow fresh seeds indoors, leaving uncovered as light will assist germination

Campanula poscharskyana:  Serbian Bellflower

other methods of propagation:  
• by seed

Carex glauca:  Blue Sedge

Cephalaria tatarica:  Giant Scabious

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in late winter or early spring

other methods of propagation:  
• seed (species only)
• cuttings

Chrysogonum virginianum:  Golden Star

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds when fresh

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer or fall
• take stem cuttings in early spring

Dodecatheon meadia:  Shooting Star

other methods of propagation:  
• take root cuttings in summer or fall
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer

Echinacea purpurea:  Purple Coneflower

Note:  several sources do not recommend division - such plants become bushy and flower less
other methods of propagation:  
• take root cuttings in fall
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks

Note:  division should be done in late spring, every 2-3 years
other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in early summer
• sow seeds indoors in winter

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in autumn

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks
• take root cuttings in winter

Festuca ovina:  Blue Fescue

other methods of propagation: 
• self-sown seedlings will appear about the garden

Fritillaria imperialis:  Crown Imperial Fritillary

produces abundant offsets;  lift & divide every 2-3 years, or when flowering declines, immediately after foliage has ripened

Fritillaria meleagris:  Checkered Lily, Guinea-Hen Flower, Snake's Head

Gaillardia:  Blanket Flower, * very early spring i.e. March

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4 weeks

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• seed:  unreliable as even species will not come true
• seed:  fun, in spite of what's written just above

Iris danfordiae:  Danford Iris

Iris reticulata:  Reticulated Iris

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in autumn

Note:  divide by removing a crown from the edge of the main clump
other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds indoors (species only) in winter, stratify for 6 weeks

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in spring or summer

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in spring or fall
• may self-sow a bit if you're lucky

Narcissus:  Narcissus, Daffodil, Jonquil

Nepeta x faassenii:  Catmint

other methods of propagation:  
• species forms may be seed-started
• take tip cuttings in early summer

Oenothera speciosa:  Showy Evening Primrose

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring or fall
• take softwood cuttings in late spring

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in autumn

Papaver nudicaule:  Iceland Poppy

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring or fall
• may self-seed

Papaver orientale:  Oriental Poppy

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring or fall
• may self-seed

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds of species forms only in spring or fall
• take cuttings of non-flowering shoots in late summer

other methods of propagation: 
• take semi-ripe cuttings in summer
• sow seeds in autumn

Physostegia virginiana:  Obedient Plant

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds
• will self-sow
• take small basal cuttings

Primula (after flowering):  Primrose

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in early spring
• take root cuttings

Sanguinaria canadensis:  Bloodroot

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in autumn

Saxifraga:  Saxifrage, Rockfoil

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in autumn

Scabiosa caucasica:  Pincushion Flower

Note:  divide only when they become overcrowded
other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• direct sow in spring or summer
• sow seeds indoors in late winter
• take cuttings in summer

Note:  divide only when they become overcrowded
other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• direct sow in spring or summer
• take cuttings in summer

Sedum sieboldii (mid-summer):  October Daphne

Note:  according to "Perennials for Ontario" by Alison Beck and Kathy Renwald, the seed you buy may be a mix of different species. They add "you might not get what you hoped for or expected, but you can just as easily be pleasantly surprised".
other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds indoors in early spring

Sidalcea malviflora:  Checkerbloom

x Solidaster luteus:  Solidaster

Tanacetum vulgare:  Common Tansy

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seed in late winter or early spring

Teucrium:  Germander

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in spring

Thalictrum aquilegiafolium:  Meadow Rue

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seed, when fresh, in autumn

Tricyrtis hirta:  Toad Lily

other methods of propagation:  
• may self-sow

Trifolium incarnatum:  Red Clover

other methods of propagation: 
• sow seeds in autumn
• self-sows readily

Veronica pectinata:  Woolly Speedwell, Combleaf Speedwell

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

Veronica prostrata:  Creeping Speedwell

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

Veronica whitleyi:  Whitley's Speedwell

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

Yucca filamentosa:  Yucca, Adam's-Needle, Spanish Bayonet

Note:  divide offsets only
other methods of propagation: 
• take root cuttings in spring

FALL DIVISION ONLY

Fall may be an even better time to propagate your plants by division than spring. You don't have to worry about stepping on seedlings or damaging the flowers of bulbs or their foliage. The sun is not so hot, the soil is still warm and plants have a long period of time to become established with cooler temperatures and fall rains. Nearby plants are still lush and full and you know exactly how much room is available in which to replant your divisions without crowding anything nearby. Make sure you know where your spring bulbs are located so you don't inadvertently dig into them. And the plants in the list below actually prefer division in the fall. Those marked with an asterisk are best divided in late summer.

Acanthus mollis:  Bear's Breech

other methods of propagation:  
• root cuttings in spring or late fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer
• take tip cuttings in early summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer

Antennaria dioica:  Pussytoes

Arabis caucasica:  Wall Rock Cress

other methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings in spring

Note:  divide in summer as leaves wither
other methods of propagation:  
• sow clean fresh seeds outside in fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds indoors or outdoors in summer in warm growing medium (70 deg. F.)

Athyrium nipponicum:  Japanese Painted Fern

other methods of propagation:  
• by spores in late summer

Aubrieta deltoidea:  Rock Cress

other methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings after flowering, every 3-4 years

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds either indoors or outdoors in summer

Convallaria majalis (September):  Lily-of-the-Valley

other methods of propagation:  
• can also be started from seed

other methods of propagation:  
• seed sown in autumn

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds either indoors or outdoors in fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring or fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer or fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seed in autumn or spring

Iris sibirica (late summer):  Siberian Iris

Lamiastrum galeobdolon:  Yellow Archangel, False Lamium

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in spring or summer

Note: :  divide in late summer i.e. October, as they go dormant

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or early spring
• may self-seed

other methods of propagation:  
• plants may self-sow

other methods of propagation:  
• plants will self-seed prodigiously

other methods of propagation:  
• happy plants will self-sow

Paeonia:  Peony

Note:  divide in late summer i.e. September

other methods of propagation:  
• start from seed
• take cuttings

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• will self-sow, sometimes more rampantly than you'd wish
• take cuttings

DIVISION IN SPRING OR FALL

Many plants are suitable for division in either spring or fall. You, the gardener, get to make the choice about timing to best suit your needs. You can feel safe in tackling this job with any of the plants in the list below.

Achillea:  Yarrow

other propagation methods:  
• sow seeds (species only) in late winter
• take tip cuttings in spring or early summer

other methods of propagation: 
• it is possible to start this species from seed

Ajuga:  Bugleweed

Note:  division can be done anytime during the growing season
other methods of propagation:  
• cuttings in spring or summer

Anaphalis margaritacea:  Pearly Everlasting

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in early summer
• sow seeds outdoors in situ in late summer
• sow seeds indoors in late winter

Antennaria dioica:  Pussytoes

Aquilegia:  Columbine

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, after storing seeds dry in fridge for 4 weeks prior to sowing
• you will find many self-sown seedlings in the garden

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds indoors in winter, in a warm growing medium (about 70 deg. F.)
• take cuttings in spring or fall

other methods of propagation:  
• take softwood or semi-ripe cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation: 
• take softwood or semi-ripe cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation: 
• take softwood or semi-ripe cuttings in summer

Aster amellus:  Italian Aster

other methods of propagation: 
• take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks

other methods of propagation: 
• take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks

Aster novae-angliae:  New England Aster, Michaelmas Daisy

other methods of propagation: 
• take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks

other methods of propagation: 
• take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks

Campanula lactiflora:  Milky Bellflower

Campanula latifolia:  Great Bellflower

Centaurea dealbata:  Persian Cornflower

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in late winter

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in late winter

Centaurea montana:  Perennial Bachelor's Button

Chelone obliqua:  Pink Turtlehead

Note:  fall division should be done late
other methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in early summer

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum:  Ox-Eye Daisy

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds
• take cuttings

Cimicifuga:  Bugbane

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall

Coreopsis:  Tickseed

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds indoors in summer or fall in a warm growing medium (70 deg. F.)
• take cuttings in spring

Coreopsis verticillata:  Thread-Leaf Coreopsis

Dicentra spectabilis:  Old-Fashioned Bleeding Heart

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer
• take root cuttings in fall

Doronicum caucasicum (Synonym: Doronicum cordatum):  Leopard's Bane

Note:  division is best done immediately after flowering

other methods of propagation:  
• take root cuttings in spring or fall
• sow seeds indoors in late winter
• watch for self-sown seedlings

other methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings in spring or summer
• sow seeds in autumn or spring

other methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings in spring or summer
• sow seeds in autumn or spring

other methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings in spring or summer
• sow seeds in autumn or spring

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in spring or fall
• take stem cuttings in early summer

Helianthus:  Sunflower

other methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in early summer
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in late summer or fall

other methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in late spring
• may be started from seed

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in spring or summer

Hemerocallis:  Daylily

Heuchera:  Coral Bells

Inula ensifolia:  Sunray Flower, Swordleaf Inula, Elecampane

Liatris:  Blazing Star, Gayfeather

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in late winter, stratify for 4-6 weeks

Lysimachia clethroides:  Gooseneck Loosestrife

other methods of propagation:  
• start from seed
• take cuttings

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seed in autumn (species only)

Lythrum:  Loosestrife

other methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in summer

Mazus reptans:  Creeping Mazus

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seed in autumn

Mentha suaveolens:  Pineapple Mint

Monarda:  Bee Balm, Bergamot

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring or fall
• take softwood cuttings in late spring

Phlox maculata:  Meadow Phlox

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds
• take cuttings

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds
• take cuttings

Polemonium:  Jacob's Ladder

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds seeds outdoors in fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn

Prunella x webbiana:  Self-Heal

Pulmonaria:  Lungwort

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds
• take cuttings

other methods of propagation:  
• plants may self-sow

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds indoors in winter
• sow seeds outdoors in spring or fall

Salvia:  Sage

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring
• take tip cuttings in early summer

Saponaria ocymoides:  Rock Soapwort

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip or stem cuttings in summer

Sedum kamtschaticum:  Kamschatka Stonecrop

other methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in summer

Sedum spurium:  Two-Row Sedum

Solidago:  Goldenrod

other methods of propagation:  
• may self-sow

x Solidaster luteus:  Solidaster

Stachys byzantina:  Lamb's Ears

other methods of propagation:  
• can be seed-started
• take cuttings

Stokesia laevis:  Stoke's Aster

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• sow seeds indoors in winter, stratify for 6 weeks
• root cuttings taken in late winter or early spring

Thalictrum delavayi:  Yunnan Meadow Rue

Thymus x citriodorus:  Lemon Thyme

Thymus serphyllum:  Mother-of-Thyme

Tiarella cordifolia:  Foamflower

other methods of propagation:  
• remove rooted runners anytime in the growing season
• sow seeds outdoors in spring, leaving uncovered to assist germination

other methods of propagation:  
• watch for lots of self-sown seedlings
• take tip cuttings in spring, summer or fall

other methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in summer

Veronica alpina:  Alpine Speedwell

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn or spring
• take cuttings in summer

other methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in summer

DO NOT DIVIDE

For various reasons, some plants are better propagated by means other than division. This is true of the plants in the following list. Only species should be seed propagated, as cultivars will not come "true" to the parent. Cuttings will give you plants identical to the parent, but are a little more difficult to maintain properly until they are ready for replanting. There are many Internet sites that can instruct you in the "how" of these types of propagation.

Adenophora:  LadyBells

methods of propagation:  
• if you allow this plant in your garden you will certainly come to regret it
• basal cuttings in early spring
• sow seeds in situ when temperatures reach at least 70-75 deg.F., keep moist for 2-3 weeks until germination
• some sources say to sow seed in autumn
• may self-sow

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in situ in early spring for bloom the same year
• may self-sow as well but seedlings are easily removed or moved to a new location
• can also be divided in spring or fall but not necessarily successfully
• softwood or semi-ripe cuttings in late summer

Alcea:  Hollyhock

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds indoors in winter (for summer bloom)
• sow seeds under glass in spring
• sow seeds outdoors in situ in spring (for bloom the following year)

Anemone pulsatilla:  Pasque Flower

now known as:  Pulsatilla vulgaris - see below

Artemisia x 'Powis Castle':  Wormwood, Artemisia

methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings from new shoots with piece of old wood attached

Artemisia schmidtiana 'Silver Mound':  Silvermound Artemisia

methods of propagation:  
• root cuttings in a cold frame

Aurinia saxatilis:  Basket-of-Gold

methods of propagation:  
• seed (species only) - sow seed under glass in spring
• take cuttings in spring or fall
• cultivars only - root cuttings in cold frame in early summer
• will self-sow in suitable locations

Belamcanda chinensis:  Blackberry Lily

methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• another source says to sow seeds outdoors in spring (after required 4-6 weeks of stratification)

Campanula medium:  Canterbury Bells

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds under glass May-June

Catananche caerulea:  Cupid's Dart

methods of propagation:  
• take root cuttings in fall or winter
• root cuttings in water
• sow seeds indoors in late winter
• sow seeds under glass in spring

Centranthus ruber:  Red Valerian, Jupiter's Beard

methods of propagation:  
• easy - sow seeds indoors or outdoors in late winter
• sow seeds under glass in April
• watch for self-sown seedlings
• cuttings in cold frame in spring

Cheiranthus cheiri:  Wallflower, a hardy biennial

Clematis:  Clematis

methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings before flowering in spring or early summer

Consolida ambigua:  Larkspur, colours include whites, pinks, purples

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds under glass in September or March
• watch for self-sown seedlings to appear

Corydalis lutea:  Corydalis

other methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in autumn
• will self-sow prolifically

Crambe cordifolia:  Sea Kale

methods of propagation:  
• these are best left undisturbed once established
• sow seeds outdoors in spring or fall
• sow seeds indoors in late winter
• root cuttings taken in fall

Dianthus:  Pinks, Carnation

methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in summer; cuttings in cold frame in July
• layering
• sow seeds outdoors in spring
• sow seeds indoors in winter
• seeds under glass in spring or fall

Dictamus:  Gas Plant, Dittany

methods of propagation:  
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in late summer
• another source says to sow seeds in spring (new plants will take 3 years to flower)
• remove side shoots in August

Digitalis:  Foxglove

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds indoors in late winter
• sow seeds outdoors in summer for bloom the following year
• will self-sow readily

Gaura lindheimeri:  White Gaura

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in fall or spring
• take cuttings in summer
• cuttings in cold frame in July

Gypsophila paniculata:  Baby's Breath

methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings in spring
• cuttings in cold frame in summer
• sow seeds outdoors in spring or fall
• sow seeds indoors in late winter

methods of propagation:  
• cuttings in spring (difficult)
• cuttings in cold frame in summer
• sow seeds outdoors in spring or fall
• sow seeds indoors in late winter

Hedera helix:  Common English Ivy

methods of propagation:  
• cuttings in cold frame in late July

Helianthemum:  Rock Rose, Sun Rose

methods of propagation:  
• start from seeds
• take cuttings & root in cold frame in summer

Hesperis matronalis:  Dame's Rocket

methods of propagation:  
• basal cuttings in spring
• sow seeds indoors in late winter
• sow seeds outdoors in summer or fall
• watch for lots of self-sown seedlings

Hypericum:  St. John's-Wort

methods of propagation:  
• take cuttings from cultivar forms in summer
• cuttings in cold frame in July
• sow seeds of species forms in autumn
• take cuttings of species forms in summer

Iberis sempervirens:  Candytuft

methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings in early summer
• cuttings in cold frame in July
• sow seeds outdoors in spring or fall

Knautia macedonica:  Crimson Scabious

methods of propagation:  
• take basal cuttings in spring
• sow seeds in autumn

methods of propagation:  
• take tip cuttings (from new growth) in fall
• semi-ripe cuttings in cold frame in July

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds when fresh - many will not be viable
• sow seed under glass early spring

Limonium latifolium:  Statice, Sea Lavender

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in fall, or early spring
• sow seeds under glass in spring
• take root cuttings in very early spring
• root cuttings in water

methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in early summer
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in later summer or fall

methods of propagation:  
• take stem cuttings in early summer
• layer side shoots in August
• sow fresh seeds outdoors in late summer or fall
• sow seeds under glass in spring
• will self-sow with abandon

methods of propagation:  
• will self seed prolifically
• sow seeds under glass in May or June

Lupinus:  Lupine

methods of propagation:  
• sow seed when fresh in autumn (species only)
• sow seed under glass in spring
• take cuttings from non-flowering side shoots in spring or early summer

methods of propagation:  
• sow seed in autumn or spring
• sow seed under glass in spring
• will self-sow

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn (species only)
• take cuttings from firm, basal shoots in late spring or summer

methods of propagation:  
• will self-sow quite prolifically

Myrrhis odorata:  Sweet Cicely

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in autumn or spring

Oenothera macrocarpa:  formerly Oenothera missouriensis, Ozark Sundrops, Missouri Primrose

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring or fall
• take softwood cuttings in late spring

Onopordum acanthium:  Giant Thistle, Scotch Thistle

methods of propagation:  
• you may want to remove seed heads from this plant to prevent it self-seeding rampantly
• sow seeds outdoors in autumn or spring

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring or fall
• sow seeds outdoors in April

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds outdoors in summer, thin the following spring
• will self-sow prolifically

x Pardancanda norrisii:  Candy Lily

similar to Belamcanda chinensis (see above)
methods of propagation:  
sow fresh seeds outdoors in fall
• another source says to sow seeds outdoors in spring (after required 4-6 weeks of stratification)

methods of propagation:  
• take softwood cuttings in late spring

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn

Note:  this plant resents disturbance
methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in autumn
• sow seeds under glass in spring
• take basal cuttings in summer, preferably with a piece of root attached

Note:  this plant hates root disturbance
methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds when fresh
• sow seeds under glass in summer
• take root cuttings in winter

methods of propagation:  
• take semi-ripe cuttings in summer
• cuttings in cold frame in July

methods of propagation:  
• take semi-ripe cuttings in summer
• cuttings in cold frame in July

methods of propagation:  
• cuttings 1rosettes) in cold frme in autumn or spring
• old rosettes die after flowering - replant offsets in summer

methods of propagation:  
• take softwood cuttings in spring
• cuttings in cold frame in summer
• sow seed in spring or early autumn

methods of propagation:  
• sow seeds in spring

methods of propagation:  
• root cuttings in water
• sow seeds in spring or late summer
• may self-seed

methods of propagation:  
• root cuttings in water

Verbascum phoeniceum:  Mullein, Purple Mullein

methods of propagation:  
• root cuttings in water
• sow seed outdoors in spring

TOP  IMAGE

The image at the top of this page is an edited version of the perennial Hemerocallis 'Lady Fingers', also seen in the border around this page.

'Lady Fingers' is a cultivar in the Spider class of daylilies which, along with Unusual Form daylilies, provides some exciting choices for those gardeners looking for something different. To learn more about these two classes, see images and find suppliers in the province of Ontario just follow the link to our Spider & Unusual Form Daylilies page.

For direct access to the American Hemerocallis Society - Registry of Daylily Cultivars alphabetical lists of cultivars in these classes, just follow the two links below: